健康的英语单词（有关健康的英语单词）

> ‘Gaslighting’ is Merriam-Webster’s 2022 word of the year

2022年，“煤气灯效应”成为韦氏词典的热词

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This year, the number of times people looked up Merriam-Webster’s definition of gaslighting skyrocketed 1740 percent compared to 2021.

2022年，gaslighting在《韦氏词典》中的查询次数激增1740%。

So it seems fitting that the dictionary named it 2022’s word of the year.

因此，这个词在2022年当选词典似乎是理所当然的。

Merriam-Webster actually has two definitions for the noun.

《韦氏词典》对gaslighting有两个定义。

The first is as follows: “psychological manipulation of a person usually over an extended period of time that causes the victim to question the validity of their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories and typically leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem, uncertainty of one’s emotional or mental stability, and a dependency on the perpetrator.”

一是对一个人的心理操纵，通常持续很长时间，导致受害者质疑自己的思想、对现实的感知或记忆的可靠性，它通常会导致困惑、信心和自尊的丧失、情绪或精神的不稳定以及对肇事者的依赖。

US-based author of The Gaslight Effect, Dr Robin Stern, outlined the insidious nature of gaslighting, writing: “It’s a form of emotional abuse and manipulation that is difficult to recognize and even harder to break free from.”

《煤气灯效应》的美国作家罗宾斯特恩博士总结了“煤气灯”阴险的本质，写道:“这是一种难以辨认的情感虐待和操纵，甚至更难摆脱。”

But as Merriam-Webster explained in a blog post, people these days don’t just use gaslighting to describe total reality-distorting manipulation. It can also refer more generally to “the act or practice of grossly misleading someone especially for one’s own advantage.” 但《韦氏词典》在一篇博文中表示，现在gaslighting不仅描述了扭曲事实的思想控制，还指“特别是严重误导他人为自己的利益行为或做法”。

With all the disinformation floating around the internet, it can be tough to realize when you’re being gaslighted into discarding your own perceptions or beliefs.

当你被激怒而抛弃自己的观点或信念时，因为互联网上充满了虚假信息，很难意识到自己被操纵了。

> The majority of people perhaps don’t have to drink 8 glasses of water a day

“每天8杯水”科学吗？最新的研究结果可能会颠覆认知

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A famous health tip says you’d better drink eight glasses of water (about two liters) a day.

一句著名的养生建议说，每天喝8杯水(约2升)有利于健康。

However, the results of a new study suggest that less is needed.

然而，最新的研究表明，每天8杯水可能超过大多数人的真正需水量。

An international group led by scientists at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) in China found that the average daily water intake of a man in his twenties should be 1.5 to 1.8 liters, while it should be 1.3 to 1.4 liters for a female in the same age group.

由中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医学研究团队领导的国际团队发现，20多岁男性的平均日饮水量应在1.5升至1.8升之间，而20多岁的女性应该在1.3到1.4升之间。

The researchers investigated 5,604 participants from the ages of 8 days to 96 years and from more than 20 countries.

来自20多个国家的5604名参与者被调查，从8天到96岁不等。

They have found that a man aged 20 to 35 consumes 4.2 liters of water each day, while a woman aged 30 to 60 consumes 3.3 liters, with the water requirements dropping as he or she ages.

他们发现，20-35岁的男性每天喝4.2升水，30-60岁的女性每天喝3.3升水，随着年龄的增长，对水的需求会下降。

Since the metabolism and water exchange on skin can provide 15 percent, while food and drinking contribute half each of the remaining 85 percent, people are thus suggested to drink less than 45 percent of the total daily turnover, according to the researchers.

研究人员说，研究人员说，由于新陈代谢和皮肤上的水交换可以提供15%的水，而食物和饮用水分别占85%的一半，建议人们每天摄入的水分少于总摄入量的45%。

“The majority of people perhaps don’t have to drink 8 glasses of water a day,” said Zhang Xueying, co-first author of the paper and an assistant research fellow at the SIAT.

论文的第一作者张雪英说，研究结果表明，大多数人每天喝8杯水（大约2升）可能太多了。

The total water input and output varies according to multiple factors, including body size, physical activity, air temperature, humidity, and altitude, according to the study.研究表明，水量的输入和输出受身体大小、身体活动、空气温度、湿度和海拔高度等多种因素的影响。

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来源：chinadaily.com.cn