连词
一、概述
连词conjunction,是一种虚词, 它不能独立作为句子成分,只起连接词、短语、短语、句和句的作用。
二、分类
连词可分为平行连词、转折连词、选择连词和因果连词四类。
1、并列连词用于连接平行的单词、短语、句子和句子,如:
和,和;还有;所以,然后;
but但是
not…but…不是…而是..;但是,用于含有doubt、question等字的否定句相当于that
或者,还是,用于否定句或问句-不;否则,否则;换句话说,
nor,在neither之后-也不;用于no,not,never之后-不;用在句子的开头,句子需要倒装-不
因为because不能与so连用
因此,所以;因此,
但是,yet,然而
因为for,因为
both…and既…又..;不但…而且
not only…but also不仅仅是,而且
either…or不是…就是;要么…要么
neither..nor既不…也不…
注意:
then, therefore 等词,不是连词,而是副词!
并列连词引导两个并列句。
and 与否判断改正错误
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析:
第一句:and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句:and 连接两个并列动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,所以sang 应改为 sing。
第二句:and 连接两个并列动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,所以sang 应改为 sing。
第三句:and 连接感觉动词saw 后面用作宾补的两个并列分词结构,所以whisper应该改为whispering。
注意:and 也可以用祈使句或名词短语连用来表示条件。(or也有这个用法)
Make up your mind,and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind,you'll get the chance.
One more effort,and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort,you'll succeed.
both ..and两者都有
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
not only…but …
as well as=not only…but also不仅…而且
She plays not only the piano,but (also) the guitar.
注意:
not only… but also 当两个分句相关时,一个分句有否定词not 而且必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.
neither..nor意味着"既不…也不…"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的单词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
意思是"否则"。
I must work hard,or I'll fail in the exam.我必须努力学习,否则我的考试成绩会下降。
either…or意思是"或…或…或…或…;不……..൪…….;。
I must work hard,or I'll fail in the exam.我必须努力学习,否则我的考试成绩会下降。
either…or意思是"或…或…或…或…;不……..൪…….;。注意就近原则的谓语动词。
Either you or I am right.或者你对,或者我对。
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.女孩高兴的时候,要么唱歌,要么跳舞。.(either在这句话中…or…连接两个动词,因为主语是单数的第三人称,所以谓语动词应该用它们的相 应的形式.)
2、转折或对比连词
but表示转折,while表示对比。
Some people love cats,while others hate them.
典型例题
Would you like to come to dinner tonightI'd like to,___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。
but与前面形成转折点,符合语义。
but与前面形成转折点,符合语义。并列表的and, 结果so,原因as不符合句意。
not…but意思是"不是…但是.."not 和but 后面的词要遵循一致的原则。
They were not the bones of an animal,but (the bones) of a human being.
3、让步连词
however表示让步,译为"无论如何"
However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major amounts of money.无论采取什么样的医疗改革措施,都省不了多少钱。
误区提示:
however可以表示转折点,翻译成"然而;但是;仍然"但这个时候是副词词性,而不是连词。
This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty…很难做出选择。
This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty…很难做出选择。然而,我们觉得我们有义务做出决定。
4…原因连词
for 因为
判断改错:
(错) For he is ill,he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today,for he is ill.
for是并列连词,不能放在两个并列句子的句子的开头,只能放在两个分句的中间。
so 因此,所以
He hurt his leg,so he couldn't play in the game.
I cannot sleep because I am too excited.
2023.03.31
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