一、元音字母的不自然拼读

英语有二十六个字母，五个纯元音字母（AEIOU），20个纯辅音字母，一个半元音字母（Y）。一般来讲元音字母在单词中读元音，辅音字母在单词中读辅音，理论上每个元音字母要有四种读音才能满足20个元音音素的读音需要。我们把元音字母的四种读音分别称为：重开音、重闭音、非重音、协同音。元音字母在音节中的读音一般规则可以归纳为下：

重开音是指元音字母在重读开音节的读音，元音字母在重读开音节中一般读字母本身的音或长音。重闭音是指元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音。非重音指的是元音字母在非重读音节的读音，元音字母在非重读音节一般有[ ? ]与 [i]两种读音。协同音是指元音字母在单词中的读音受到前面或后字母影响的读音。

二、元音字母在音节中的读音归纳

1. 字母Ａ读重开音

1）字母Ａ在重读开音节中读字母音[ei ]：

name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i’reis?] cake [keik] same [seim]table [‘teibl] late [leit] favourite [‘feiv?rit] face [feis] plane [plein] potato [p?’teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [‘stei??n] tomato[t?’meit?u] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby [‘beibi] paper [‘peip?] famous [‘feim?s] later [‘leit?] radio [‘reidi?u] patient [‘pei??nt]

2）字母Ａ在重读开音节中读长音[a:]:

banana [b?’nɑ:n?] father [‘fɑ:e?] rather [‘rɑ:e?]

2.字母Ａ读重闭音

字母Ａ在重读闭音节中读[?] ：

map [m?p] bag [b?g] apple [‘?pl] glad [gl?d] hat [h?t] black [bl?k] catch [k?t?] hamburger [‘h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit [‘r?bit] bank [b??k] accident [‘?ksid?nt] happen [‘h?p?n] exam [ig’z?m] cabbage [‘k?bid?] fact [f?kt]

3.字母Ａ读非重音

1）字母Ａ在非重读音节读[?]：

American [?’merik?n] China [‘t?a?n?] capital [‘k?pit?l] husband [‘h?zb?nd] hospital [‘h?spit?l] vegetable [‘ved?it?bl] laboratory [l?’b?r?t?ri] library [‘laibr?ri] about [?’baut] agree [?’gri:]

2) 字母Ａ在非重读音节读[i]：

orange [‘?:rind?] language [‘l??gwid?] manager [‘m?nid??] village [‘vilid?] temperature [‘temprit??] message [‘mesid?] cabbage [‘k?bid?] chocolate [‘t??k?lit]

４.字母Ａ读协同音

１）字母A在W后读[?]或[?:] ：

washroom [‘w??rum] watch [w?t?] water [‘w?:t?] wash [w??] was [w?z] Washington [‘w??i?t?n]

２）字母A在S/ n前读[a:]：

class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket [‘bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster [‘hed’mɑ:st?]

３）字母A在L前读[?:]：

ball [b?:l] wall [w?:l] small [sm?:l] tall [t?:l] all [?:l] talk [t?:k] call [k?:l] walk [w?:k] already [?:l’redi] although [?:l’e?u] hall[h?:l] salt [s?:lt] false[f?:ls] almost[??:lm??st] also [??:ls??]

５.字母A读音不规则音：

have [h?v] family [‘f?mili] many [‘meni] any [‘eni] animal [‘?nim?l] madam [‘m?d?m] manager [‘m?nid??]

元音字母Ｅ在音节中的读音

1. 字母Ｅ读重开音

１）字母Ｅ在重读开音节读字母音[i:]：

these [ei:z] we [wi:] evening [‘i:vni?] be [bi:] even [‘i:v?n] Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z] Japanese[,d??p?’ni:z] she [?i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre [‘mi:t?]

2）字母E在重读开音节读[e]：

very [‘veri] America [?’merik?n] vegetable [‘ved?it?bl] medicine [‘medisin] melon [‘mel?n] second [‘sek?nd] never [‘nev?] together [t?’gee?] celebrate [‘selibreit] elephant [‘elif?nt]

２. 字母Ｅ读重闭音

字母E在重读闭音节读[e]：

ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome [‘welk?m] let [let] address [?’dres] dress [dres] next [‘nekst] leg [leg] empty [’empti] rest [rest] letter [‘let?] better[‘bet?] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri’memb?] invent [in’vent] December [di’semb?] wet [wet] message [‘mesid?]

3.字母Ｅ读非重音

１）字母Ｅ在非重读音节读[i]:

college [‘k?lid?] toilet [‘t?ilit] chicken [‘t?ikin] harvest [‘hɑ:vist] forest [‘f?rist] pocket [‘p?kit]racket [‘r?kit] wallet [‘w?lit] knowledge [‘n?lid?]

2) 字母Ｅ在非重读音节读[?]:

science [‘sai?ns] hello [h?’l??] open [‘?up?n] listen [‘lis?n] seven [‘sev?n] different [‘dif?r?nt] even [‘i:v?n]

4.字母Ｅ读协同音

字母E在ri/ro前读[i?]：

zero [‘zi?r?u] serious [‘si?ri?s] period [‘p??r??d] experience [?k’sp??r??ns] series [‘s??ri?z]

元音字母Ｉ在音节中的读音

1.字母I读重开音

1）字母I在重读开音节中读字母音 [ai] ：

hi [hai] nine [nain] Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z] fine [fain] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi’said] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [ik’saiti?] lion [‘lai?n] tiger [‘taig?] quite [kwait] diary [‘dai?ri] science [‘sai?ns] invite [in’vait]

2）字母I重读开音节中读长音[i:]：

police [p?’li:s] machine [m?’?i:n] policeman [p?’li:sm?n] magazine [,m?g?’zi:n]

2.字母Ｉ读重闭音

字母I在重读闭音节中读[i] ：

six [siks] think [θi?k] picture [‘pikt??] twin [twin] with [wie] drink [dri?k] chips [t?ip] swim [swim] sing [si?] dinner [‘din?] dish [di?] trip [trip] winter [‘wint?] pick [pik] lift [lift] village [‘vilid?]

３.字母Ｉ读非重音

１）字母Ｉ在非重读音节中读[i]:

family [‘f?mili] tennis [‘tenis] favorite [‘feiv?rit] America [?’merik?] capital [‘k?pit?l] office [‘?fis] important [im’p?:t?nt] animal [‘?nim?l]

2）字母Ｉ在非重读音节中读[?]:

pencil [‘pens?l] cousin [‘k?z?n] festival [‘fest?v?l] holiday [?h?l?de?]

4.字母Ｉ读协同音

字母I在gh前读[ai] ：

right [rait] light [lait] bright [brait] flight [flait]

５.字母I读音不规则音：

river [‘riv?] give [giv] city [‘siti] visit [‘vizit] finish [‘fini?] cinema [‘sinim?]digital [‘did?it?l] after [‘ɑ:ft?]

元音字母O在音节中的读音

１.字母Ｏ读重开音

1）字母O在重读开音节中读字母音[?u] ：

no [n?u] hello [h?’l?u] home [h?um] those [e?uz] over [‘?uv?] phone [f?un] open [‘?up?n] so [s?u] nose [n?uz] broken [‘br?uk?n] close [kl?uz] smoke [sm?uk] October [?k’t?ub?] hope [h?up] ago [?’g?u] notice [‘n?utis]

2）字母O在重读开音节中读长音[u:] ：

who [hu:] do[du:] improve [?m’pru?v] move [mu:v] lose [lu:z]

２.字母Ｏ读重闭音

字母O在重读闭音节中读[?] ：

not [n?t] clock [kl?k] doctor [‘d?kt?] lock [l?k] from [fr?m] shop [??p] hot [h?t] hospital [‘h?spitl] job [d??b] hobby [‘h?bi] problem [‘pr?bl?m] dollar[‘d?l?] college [‘k?lid?] dolphin [‘d?lfin] soccer [‘s?k?] rock [r?k] concert [‘k?ns?t] song [s??] pocket [‘p?kit] lost [l?st]

３.字母Ｏ读非重音

字母Ｉ在非重读音节中读[?]:

together[t??gee?] today [t?’dei] welcome [‘welk?m] police [p?’li:s] carrot [‘k?r?t] history [‘hist?ri] lesson [‘les?n] lion [‘lai?n]

４.字母Ｏ读协同音

字母O在th/ ve/ n/m前读[?] ：

mother [‘m?e?] brother [‘br?e?] love [l?v] some [s?m] money [‘m?ni] glove [gl?v] other [‘?e?] Monday [‘m?ndei] another[?’n?e?] nothing [‘n?θi?] monkey [‘m??ki] front [fr?nt] month [m?nθ]

５.字母O读不规则音：

colour [‘k?l?] body [‘b?di] woman [‘wum?n] popular [‘p?pjul?] post [p?ust] most[m?ust] both [b?uθ]

字母U在音节中的读音

１.字母Ｕ读重开音

1）字母U在重读开音节中读字母音[j u:] ：

computer[k?m’pju:t?] excuse [iks’kju:z] student [‘stju:d?nt] use [ju:z] music [‘mju:zik] usually [‘ju:?u?li] refuse [ri’fju:z] human [‘hju:m?n] produce [pr?’dju:s] scuba [‘skju:b?] pupil [‘pju:pl] universe [‘ju:niv?:s] huge [hju:d?] duty [‘dju:ti]

2）字母U在重读开音节中读长音[u:] ：

ruler [‘ru:l?] true [tru:] July [d?u:’lai] June [d?u:n] pollute [p?’lu:t] rule [ru:l]

２.字母U读重闭音

字母Ｕ在重读闭音节中读[?] ：

number [‘n?mb?] cup [k?p] bus [b?s] much [m?t?] us [?s] husband [‘h?zb?nd] uncle [‘??kl] must [m?st] lunch [l?nt?] hundred [‘h?ndr?d] hungry [‘h??gri] jump [d??mp] run [r?n] fun

３.字母Ｕ读非重音

1)字母Ｕ在非重读音节中读[?]:

upon [?’p?n] stadium[‘steidi?m] minus[‘main?s] success [s?k’ses]Augest [??:g?st] autumn[??:t?m] support[s??p?:t]supply [s??pla?] suppose [s??p??z] success [s?k?ses]

2)字母Ｕ在非重读音节中读[i]:

minute [‘minit]

４.字母Ｕ读协同音

字母 U在q/g后读[w] ：

question [‘kwest??n] quickly [‘kwikli] language [‘l??gwid?] quiet [‘kwai?t] quarrel [‘kw?r?l] penguin [‘pe?gwin]

５.字母U读不规则音：

study [‘st?di] busy [‘bizi] business [‘biznis]put [put] full [ful] push [pu?] pull [pul]

三、辅字母的不自然拼读

英语纯辅音字母有20个，字母Y位于音节音首为辅音，辅音音素28个，相对于元音字母辅音字母的读音比较对称。大多数辅音字母在单词中读字母音的节首音或韵尾音，少数辅音字母对应多个读音，也有个别辅音字母不发音。辅音字母在单词中的读音如下表：

四、在音节中有多种读音的辅音字母读音归纳

１.字母Ｃ的读音规则

1）字母C在E、I、Y读[s] ：

nice [nais] certainly [‘s?:t?nli] rice [rais] price [prais] cent [sent] century [‘sent?uri] celebrate [‘selibreit] concert [‘k?ns?t] necessary [?nes?s?ri] recently [?ri:sntli]success [s?k?ses] city [‘siti] medicine [‘medisin] exciting [ik’saiti?] cinema [‘sinim?] decide [di’said]circle [‘s?:kl]cycle [?sa?kl] exercise [‘eks?sa?z]

2）. 字母C在ie、io、ia前读[?]：

delicious [di’li??s] especially [is’pe??li] appreciate [??pri:?ie?t] precious [?pre??s] social[?s???l] associate [??s???ie?t] ocean [????n] official[??f??l] ancient [?e?n??nt] special [‘spe??l]

2.字母N的读音

字母N在K或G前读[?]：

think [θi?k] thanks [θ??ks] thing [θi?] long [l??] strong [str??] singer [‘si??] song [s??] ring [ri?] finger [‘fi?g?] sink [si?k] pink [pi?k]

3.字母S的读音

1）字母S读轻音[s]：

six [siks] plus [pl?s] minus [‘main?s] spell [spel] secret [‘si:krit] desk [desk] bus [b?s] sorry [‘s?ri] ] seven [‘sevn] sister [‘sist?] same [seim] sit [sit] see [si:] address [?’dres] guess [ges] must [m?st] sky [skai] dress [dres] past [pɑ:st]

2) 字母S读浊音[z]：

is [iz] please [pli:z] blouse [blauz]Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z] his [hiz] excuse [iks’kju:z] these [ei:z] husband [‘h?zb?nd] cousin [‘k?z?n] cheese [t?i:z] because [bi’k?z] busy [‘bizi] eraser [??re?z?(r)] rise[raiz] rose [r??z] easy [?i:zi]

3）.字母S在u、 ure、 ia、 iao前读[?]、[?]：

sure [?u?] Russian [‘r???n] sugar [‘?ug?] discussion [d??sk??n] pleasure [‘ple??] television [‘teli’vi??n] usually [?ju:?u?li] decision [d??s??n]

4.字母T的读音

1）字母T在ia、 ie、 io前读[?]：

station [‘stei??n] patient [‘pei??nt] question [‘kwest??n] mention [‘men??n] information invitation [??nv??te??n] education [?ed?u?ke??n]direction [d??rek?n]

2）字母T在前ure读[t?]：

picture [‘pikt??] century [‘sent?uri] temperature [‘temprit??] future [‘fju:t??]

5.字母X的读音

1）字母X读清音[ks]：

excuse[?k?skju:s] exchange[?ks?t?e?nd?] except[?k?sept] experience [?k?sp??ri?ns] experiment [?k?sper?m?nt] explain [?k?sple?n] expensive[?k?spens?v] extraordinary [?k?str?:dnri]

2）字母X读浊音[gz]：

exact [?g?z?kt] exam[?g?z?m] example [?g?a:mpl] exist [?g?z?st] exhaust [?g?z?:st] executive [?g?zekj?t?v]

6.字母Y的读音

1) 字母Ｙ在节首读[j]：

yes [jes] yellow [‘jel?u] year [ ji?] young [j??] your [j?:(r)] yard [jɑ:d]

2)字母Ｙ在重读音节核心读[ai]:

my [mai] bye [bai] eye [ai]why [wa?] buy [bai]by[bai] type [ta?p]

3) 字母Ｙ在非重读音节核心读[i]：

twenty [‘twenti] very [‘veri] really [‘ri?li] many [‘meni] any [‘eni] library [‘laibr?ri] candy [‘k?ndi] healthy [‘helθi]