字母A在单词里有四种读音,为了方便记忆,我们把这四种读音分别叫:重开音、重闭音、非重音和协同音。
一、重开音
重开音顾名思义就是在重读开音节中的读音。开音节是语音中的一个重要概念,英语音节一般由节首、核心和韵尾三个部分组成。节首在前,核心居中,韵尾在后,英语音节构成的一般模式为:节首+核心+韵尾。音节根据韵尾的有无可以分出开音节与闭音节,没有韵尾的音节为开音节。一个音节如果没有韵尾,也就是说这个音节的末尾是其核心,核心是由元音来担任的,元音在发音时气流不受阻碍,发音比较开阔,故称之为开音节。开音节还包括相对开音节,相对开音节有韵尾,但这个韵尾必须由一个辅音加上一个不发音的元音字母E一起构成。相对开音节是一种特殊的开音节。
字母A在重读开音节里有两种读音,一是读读字母音[ei ],例如:lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [‘stei??n] baker [‘beik?] place [pleis] tomato[t?’meit?u] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby [‘beibi] paper [‘peip?] famous [‘feim?s] later [‘leit?] radio [‘reidi?u] patient [‘pei??nt]。二是读长音[a:],例如: banana [b?’nɑ:n?] father [‘fɑ:e?] rather [‘rɑ:e?]
二、重闭音
重闭音顾名思义就是在重读闭音节中的读音。有韵尾的音节为闭音节。韵尾由辅音来承担,辅音在发音时气流受到一定阻碍,发音比较闭塞,故有韵尾的音节为闭音节。字母A在重读闭音节里读[?],例如:[bl?k] catch [k?t?] hamburger [‘h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit [‘r?bit] bank [b??k] accident [‘?ksid?nt] happen [‘h?p?n] marry [‘m?ri] exam [ig’z?m] cabbage [‘k?bid?] passenger [‘p?sind??] fact [f?kt] parrot [‘p?r?t]
三、非重音
非重音顾名思义就是在非重读音节中的读音。字母A在非重读音节里有两种读音,一是读[ ? ],例如:husband [‘h?zb?nd] Japan [d??’p?n] America [?’merik?] machine [m?’?i:n] again [?’gen] company [‘k?mp?ni] agree [?’gri:] panda [‘p?nd?] around [?’raund] library [‘laibr?ri]。二是读[ i ],例如:language [‘l??gwid?] manager [‘m?nid??] village [‘vilid?]temperature [‘temprit??] message [‘mesid?]cabbage [‘k?bid?] chocolate [‘t??k?lit]encourage [in’k?rid?]
四、协同音
协同音是指字母在单词中的读音受到前面或后字母影响的读音。例如:字母A在W后读[?]或[?:] :washroom [‘w??rum] watch [w?t?] water [‘w?:t?] wash [w??] was [w?z] Washington [‘w??i?t?n];字母A在S/ n前读[a:]:class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket [‘bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster [‘hed’mɑ:st?]。
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