总体概况:
1.except:侧重于表示从整体中除去,除去的那部分不带上一起玩。
2.besides:侧重于表示除了整体之外的东西还有,就是除了的那部分还有其他的也一起玩。
3. except for侧重于除了一点点瑕疵,整个都完美适用于句子主干;
4.apart from: apart from具有多重意义:既可表示 besides,也可以表示 except或except for,还可以表示without的意思。
各个击破:
1.except:not included;but
是排除在外的“除了”, “只有…没….,其他人都…” 侧重于表示从整体中除去,其他的都可以。(用于所言不包括的人或事物前)除…之外
We work every day except Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
(含义是除了星期天,其他的都工作)
I like all sports except football.
除足球外,我喜欢所有的运动。(含义:除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。)
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions except letters and photographs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
The overnight train runs every night of the week except Saturdays.
这趟夜班火车除了周六外每个晚上都运行。
Everyone was late, except for Richard.
除了理查德,其他所有人都迟到了。
Everyone seems busy except us
除了我们,大家好像都很忙碌。
The office is open every day except Sundays.
除星期日外,这家公司每天都营业。
Ida would not speak to him except to answer questions…
除了回答问题,艾达都不和他说话。
We don't do much in the evenings except watch television.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
除了这一块,你可以吃任何一块蛋糕。
Nothing more to do now except wait.
现在只能等待。(当谓语动词是实意动词do的任何形式是,其后不定式to可以省略)
She doesn’t do anything _____ sit and watch TV.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A
解析:只有except能够连接动词,do anything except do。除了坐着看电视外,她什么也不做。
Alice, would you like to go hiking with us?
What a pity!I am free every day except today.
艾丽斯,你愿意和我们一起去远足吗?
真遗憾除了今天,我每天都有空。
go hiking 去远足 ; 去徒步旅行 ; 去徒步远足
She saw nothing except snow.
除了雪她什么都没有看见。
All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.
除李平外,一班所有的学生都去看电影了。
He had other people to take care of except me.
除了我,他还有其他人要照顾。
She looked everywhere _____ here.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A
解析:除了这里,她到处看。只有except后面能够加除了名词以外的其他词性,如介词短语,副词等。
You may drop in at any time _____ at noon.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A;除了中午,你任何时候来都可以。
They forgot many things at that moment except our friendship.
那一刻他们忘记了很多事情,除了我们的友谊。
He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
他是个好学生,除了有时上学迟到。
The current level of service will be maintained except that the evening 'Network Express' trains will be withdrawn.
除了“铁网特快”夜班列车将会停开外,目前的运营线路会保持下去。
This restaurant has nothing to recommend except that it's cheap.
这家饭馆除了价钱便宜之外,一无可取。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他,只是说我需要钱。
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
解析:后面是一个句子,只有except可以加句子,这个是except的特殊性。
It was a good hotel _____ that it was rather noisy.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A
解析:这家旅馆还不错,只可惜吵。后面是一个句子,只有except可以加句子,这个是except的特殊性。
2.besides:in addition to
“除了”, “既…又…”,“不但…而且…”,“除了……还有……”含义是除了A是需要的外,其他也是需要的:
What other sports do you like besides football?
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动?
含义: 我知道你喜欢足球,除了足球,你还喜欢什么球?
I've got no family besides my parents.
除了父母,我没有其他亲人。
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐,我们还有很多共通点。
I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
我觉得她不但长得非常漂亮,而且还有很多优秀品质。
Besides English, he has to study German and French.
除英语外,他还要学德语和法语。
There are other visitors besides me.
参观人除我之外,还有另外的人。
Besides running after success, we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.
除了追求成功,我们还有很多其他有趣的事情要做。
3.except for
也表示“除…以外”,普遍的解释是这样的:“指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正”。含义:除了那一点瑕疵,整个就是那么回事的意思。除了那 “美中不足”、“唯一遗憾”、“如果不考虑”的部分,那整句表述的就是那么完美的含义。
I had nothing on except for my socks.
我除了短袜什么都没穿。
The walls were bare except for a clock.
墙上除了一只挂钟什么也没有。
I sold everything I owned except for my car and my books
我把我所有的东西都卖掉了,只剩下汽车和书。
Everyone was late, except for Richard.
除了理查德,其他所有人都迟到了。
Except for the remarkably tidy kitchen, the place was a mess
除了厨房特别干净外,这地方一片狼藉。
The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-story window.
整座大楼一片漆黑,只有3层的一个窗户透出一丝光亮。
另外except for前后承接的两个名词,从逻辑关系上来说,不属于同一类事物。
比如:
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
这句话的意思是只有这栋大楼不好,其他所有大楼都相当好!其中所有大楼和这栋大楼是同一类事物。
对比:
All the buildings are excellent except for their location.
要是不考虑这些大楼的位置,这些大楼还真不错。或者,美中不足的是这些大楼的位置有点不好。其中,大楼和位置不是一类事物。大楼和大楼是同一类事物,这个位置和其他位置是同一类事物。
except for前面的名词如果是表示“全部”类的代词,如all, everything, nothing的时候,有时except for和except可以互换。这个“有时”是指except for前后的名词一个是整体,一个是个体,这时候可以互换。但这个比较难理解,幸好考试也不太考这类的。
You can find me in my office every day except for Sunday. 这句话强调的是“要是不算周日,我天天都能来”,强调每天都能过来,天数多,常在。侧重所有日子。
You can find me in my office every day except Sunday.这句话强调的是“只要不是周日,其他日子都行”,强调的是其他日子。侧重其他日子。
I can answer all the questions except for the first one. 这句话强调的是“要是不算第一个问题的话,我都能回答上来”,强调自己知道得多厉害,就只有一点小瑕疵,即第一个问题回答不上。侧重所有问题。
I can answer all the questions except the first one.这句话强调的是“只要不是第一个问题,其他问题我都没问题”,强调的是对于其他问题,都可以。侧重其他问题。
l Nobody I know loves fishing except for him.这句话强调的是“要是不算他,所有人里面没人愿意钓鱼”,强调一个绝对概念。所有人都不喜欢,但只有一个小小的人,唯一一个人喜欢,忽略他。
l Nobody I know loves fishing except him.这句话强调的是“只有他喜欢,别人都不喜欢”,强调一种对比感。在所有人里面,只有他是特殊的,其他人都不喜欢,两个阵营。
其他琐碎地点:except for可以位于句首,except不可以;except for后面要加名词,except后可以加既可以加名词,此外还可以加很多东西,比如介词短语,从句等。
Except for the remarkably tidy kitchen, the place was a mess
除了厨房特别干净外,这地方一片狼藉。
Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
你的写作很好,只是有几个语法错误。
The parrot is totally green _____ its yellow wings.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:C
解析:the parrot和wings不是一类事物;另外本句也适用于翻译做题法,“这只鹦鹉通体翠绿,美中不足的是翅膀是黄色的。”或者“要不是翅膀黄色,这只鹦鹉通体翠绿。”
_____ the service, I enjoy everything about this restaurant.
A. Except B. Besides C. Except for
答案:C
解析:只有except for可以放在句首,这个是except for的特殊性。另外本句也适用于翻译做题法,“这家饭店啥都好,美中不足的是服务有点问题。”
_____ traffic noise, the night passed peacefully.
A. Except B. Besides C. Except for
答案:C
解析:只有except for可以放在句首,这个是except for的特殊性。另外本句也适用于翻译做题法,“夜晚静悄悄,美中不足的是有点交通噪音。”
4.apart from
相对于except和besides,except和except for区别显得费劲,那么apart from就方便多了,通用上述两种含义均可用apart from:
What other sports do you like apart from football?
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动?
I like all sports apart from football.
除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.(=besides)
除了费用外,还需要很多时间。
There was always something to look forward to, apart from Rachel's visits.
除了雷切尔的来访,总还有别的事情可以期待。(=besides)
Apart from peppers and aubergines, many other vegetables grill well.
除了辣椒和茄子,很多其他蔬菜也十分适于烧烤。(=besides)
Quite apart from all the work, he had financial problems.
除了那么多工作,他还有财务困难。(=besides)
The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)
除了他的叔叔,这个孤儿没有人照顾他。
He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)
除了几处小毛病外,他干得很好。
I never felt I achieved a great deal in my life, apart from bringing my children into the world.
除了生了几个孩子,我从未觉得自己这辈子取得了很大成就。(=except for)
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.(=without)
没有实践就没有知识。
Nothing else matters to him apart from his job.
对他来说,除了工作以外,什么事都无关紧要。(=except)
He was unhurt apart from a lump on his head. (=except for)
除了头上起了个包,他没有别的伤。
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